Acupuncture-related peripheral stimulation as a candidate neuromodulatory model of insomnia: clinical evidence, sleep-wake circuitry, and translational limits.

Acupuncture-related peripheral stimulation is often discussed as a non-pharmacological option for insomnia disorder, but its relevance to sleep neuroscience depends on more than improvement in sleep questionnaires. This critical narrative Review evaluates whether acupuncture and related acupoint-bas